North Carolina Water Quality Assessment and Impaired Waters List-303(d) and 305(b) Reports 

The federal Clean Water Act Section 303(d), requires the NC Division of Water Resources (NCDWR) to publish a biennial list of impaired waterbodies in need of a management strategy or total maximum daily load (TMDL) for improvement.

Section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act requires the state to publish a biennial Integrated Report that prioritizes and combines the 303(d) list with a comprehensive report of water quality conditions in the state.    

2014 Orange County, NC State of the Environment Report

Cape Fear River

• Chapel Hill is in the Jordan Lake subbasins (subbasins 5 & 6 of the Cape Fear River Basin).

• About the Integrated Report
        2014 CPF 305b Integrated Report

• 2005 Cape Fear River Basin Water Quality Plan

• 2004 Cape Fear River Basinwide Assessment Report

• 1999 Cape Fear River Basinwide Assessment Report  
  

• Chapel Hill Water Quality Investigation (Cape Fear River Basin 030306), Orange County:  A Biological Unit Study from 1998 compared benthic macroinvertebrates collected in 1993 and 1998 at ten sites around Town.

• NCSU Water Quality Programs: Cape Fear River Basin Overview

• Triangle J Council of Governments Upper Cape Fear Watershed Prioritization Project

• NC Floodplain Mapping Program: 2001 Draft Cape Fear River Basin Plan

• NC Division of Water Resources River Basin Planning Branch

Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project
The US Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with six local governments and TJCOG monitors water supply reservoirs and streams throughout the area to create a long-term database of water quality information.

Triangle J Council of Governments Water Resources
Triangle J Council of Governments has a variety of water resources projects, documents, and information on water supplies in the Triangle region of North Carolina. Chapel Hill is involved in their Jordan Lake Stakeholder Project to develop a nutrient management strategy for this drinking water source and reservoir for flood control, recreation and wildlife conservation.

Watershed Assessment Model for North Carolina

• UNC/Crow Branch groundwater remediation
• Pilot Basin Study Report - Booker Headwaters Subwatershed
• Booker Creek Watershed Planning
  • Booker Creek Basin Park
  • Booker Creek Working Group

UNC’s Stream Restoration projects 

Addendum to Jordan Lake TMDL(Total Maximum Daily Load) : University Lake, a reservoir impoundment of Morgan Creek, was found to be hypereutrophic (high levels of phosphorus with low transparency and frequent and severe algal blooms) and in need of regulations to reduce nutrients entering the lake. University Lake Watershed Map (pdf)

Morgan and Little Creeks Local Watershed Plan Summary  EEP September 2004
 
Morgan Creek Detailed Assessment Report  EEP, July 2004

An assessment report, Biological Impairment in the Little Creek Watershed-Cape Fear River Basin, 
by DWQ’s Watershed Assessment and Restoration Project (WARP) looked at conditions across the entire Little Creek watershed (encompassing Bolin and Booker Creeks) and identified likely stressors of the biological community and sources of these stressors.

Local Watershed Planning Initiative for Little and Morgan Creeks: a planning initiative undertaken by Ecosystem Ehancement Program (EEP) for the identification and implementation of water quality improvement projects in the Little Creek and Morgan Creek watersheds. Summary

Little Creek Bottomlands – NC Natural Heritage Program 2008 Report

Little Creek Bottomlands – NC Natural Heritage Program 2010 Update in response to a concept plan proposal for the expansion to the Rizzo Conference Center, owned by University of North Carolina

Response from Army Corps of Engineers and NC Wildlife Resources Commission to Ayden Court Development proposal 2007

Watershed Retrofit and Management Evaluation for Urban Stormwater Management Systems in North Carolina.  Kathy DeBusk, William F. Hunt, Upton Hatch, and Olha Sydorovych.  Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, Issue 146, Pages 64-74, December 2010.

Monitoring by Forest View Elementary School

USGS monitoring Station

New Hope Creek near Blands, NC

New Hope Creek Corrider Advisory Committee:  New Hope Creek from NC 54 to Chapel Hill Road 
    (Component 1 of New Hope Corridor Open Space Master Plan)

Study Summary
In 2007, the Towns of Carrboro and Chapel Hill contracted with Earth Tech to do a watershed-wide study of geomorphic conditions of streams to identify and rank the locations contributing most to poor conditions, and to propose projects to correct these problems. Geomorphic condition includes channel shape and other physical characteristics of streams. This information can point to problems with excess stormwater, erosion, sedimentation, and other instability of the stream channel.

What is the purpose and background of the study?
Previous studies were conducted by Tetra Tech as part the Ecosystem Enhancement Program’s Morgan and Little Creek Watershed Local Watershed Planning Initiative, and the NC Division of Water Quality’s Watershed Assessment and Restoration Program. These studies indicated problems with high, scouring stormwater flows, lack of adequate instream habitat, severe bank and streambed erosion – all indicators of a stream network that is unstable, still responding to changes in its hydrology that have occurred since the Colonial era.

The purpose of this study was to more systematically identify areas of geomorphic (channel shape) instability across the entire Bolin Creek watershed and try to rank them by their severity. This study also proposed and ranked 32 projects to stabilize the stream, reduce effects from high, scouring flows, or otherwise improve physical conditions.

This study was funded by a Clean Water Management Trust Fund mini-grant awarded to the Town of Carrboro.

What are the findings and results of the study?
Professionals from Earth Tech and members of the Bolin Creek Watershed Assessment Team walked along all perennial and intermittent streams and many ephemeral streams in the Bolin Creek watershed. They identified areas of geomorphic instability (areas prone to erosion or sediment build-up due to changes in flow patterns), described and compared individual stream lengths, documenting with channel measurements and photos where needed. These data were used to compare and rank the different geomorphic problems observed in the watershed. Corrective projects were proposed and costs estimated so that these could be ranked as well.

Multiple indications of deteriorating stream condition and multiple types of problems were observed at many locations along the streams. The particular sources of instability observed included stream channelization (straightening/ditching), culverts and channel crossings, utility impacts (sewer lines along streams, other utilities crossing), bank erosion and collapse, direct discharges to the channel, railroad impacts, recreation impacts, and stormwater runoff. The causes and consequences of these impacts are discussed more thoroughly in the report.

Thirty-two projects were proposed to address the worst geomorphic problems identified in the watershed. See the Project Summary below for more information on the results, view the proposed projects, or read the report in its entirety.

What is the status of the project? What are the next steps?
The study and report are completed. The recommendations from the report are being integrated into a full Bolin Creek Watershed Restoration Plan.

A decision must be made on how and whether to proceed with any stormwater management and/or stream restoration in the Bolin Creek Watershed. Priorities and possible funding sources will be included in the Bolin Creek Watershed Restoration Plan.


Geomorphic Analysis and Potential Site Identification for Stormwater BMPs and Retrofits

 Project Summary  

As part of the Town of Chapel Hill's and Carrboro's Bolin Creek Watershed Plan required under their joint Bolin Creek restoration 319-grant, NCSU's Watershed Education for Communities and Officials (WECO) was hired to conduct stakeholder interviews and to make recommendations for building communication, networking, coordination and leadership for successful long-term watershed restoration.

Situation Assessment  (Full report)

Tanyard Branch Stormwater Management Alternatives Analysis

Project Summary:
In 2011, the Town of Chapel Hill contracted with NCSU to evaluate stormwater management alternatives for the downtown area draining to Tanyard Branch. This study will assist the Town in determining how best to manage stormwater in this area and how to approach any future stream restoration projects that may occur there.

What are the issues?
Tanyard Branch is being severely eroded by large volumes of stormwater surging through the outfall (two 48” pipes) into the stream.  The majority of downtown Chapel Hill drains to this one outfall, and as a result of the drainage area's very high amount of impervious surface, considerable runoff with great erosive energy is generated from even small rains.

An impaired segment of stream below Caldwell Street was identified in the Bolin Creek Watershed Geomorphic Assessment as a potential site for a stream restoration. However, there is the potential to “blow out” or destroy a newly restored stream if stormwater flow above the restoration site is not controlled.

Best management practices (BMPs) such as ponds, wetlands, and rain gardens are often installed to slow down stormwater before it reaches creeks with its destructive energy. Unfortunately, in this highly urbanized area there is little space to install BMPs where runoff can be intercepted before it reaches the stream.  One alternative is to install a wet pond below the stormwater outfall. But because Tanyard Branch is a piped perennial stream, EPA requires an “alternatives analysis” to compare best options for installing stormwater management “inline” with the stream.

What are the possible solutions?
NCSU's study evaluated different combinations of stormwater management practices including:

• an undersized wet pond (not large enough to handle flows regularly handled by modern practices, but as large as can be installed in current available area),
• a full-sized wet pond (which would require land acquisition and sanitary sewer relocation),
• residential stormwater management practices,
• UNC stormwater practices, and
• downtown stormwater practices.

The study compared costs of BMP installation, land acquisition, maintenance, sanitary sewer relocation, and stream restoration. It examined exports of nitrogen and phosphorus under the different scenarios. Most importantly, a model was developed to predict what flow levels and what durations of these flows are erosive to the channel below the proposed BMPs, and from there suggested which alternatives would be most protective of the downstream channel if they were installed.

What is the status of the project?
The stormwater management alternatives analysis is complete. The most cost-effective stormwater management scenarios are in the $400,000 to $600,000 range, not including stream restoration downstream of the installation.

What are the next steps?
A decision must be made on how and whether to proceed with any stormwater management and/or stream restoration in the watershed to reduce the severe erosion and scouring. One suggestion was for this work to be part of a larger proposal for the creation of a downtown park with a pond, but would depend on private property owner interest and cooperation. As of 2020, there are no plans to build a wet pond at this location.

Though repairing the stream to reduce sedimentation is a primary goal, reducing pollution through dumping, illicit discharges, and sanitary sewer-storm drain cross-connections is also important to improve the overall water quality and biotic integrity of Tanyard Branch. The Town’s Stormwater Management Division conducts training of restaurant staff and guidance to businesses in the downtown area to reduce direct inputs to the storm drain system.

What monitoring or data collection have we done?
Some flow and channel morphology monitoring was conducted as part of the alternatives analysis.  Stream macroinvertebrate monitoring is being conducted on Tanyard Branch, one of several sites around Town. No further monitoring is planned until projects in the watershed are proposed.


What reports or other resources are available?
• Final Report: Tillinghast, Erica Desmond. 2011. Thesis: Stormwater Control Measure Discharge Standards to Improve Stream Geomorphic Stability. NC State University.
• Excerpt: Tanyard Branch alternatives analysis only 
• Excerpt: Tanyard Branch appendix

What's wrong with Bolin Creek? Why do we need to fix it? How will this plan remain fresh and helpful and not be something lost in the immensity of cyberspace or gather dust on a shelf?

This plan is the Bolin Creek Watershed Restoration Team’s attempt to shed light on these questions. At the same time, this plan can be viewed as much an inquiry for the reader as questions to be answered herein. One core concept is suggested. If this plan is to be of value, it will be because it is seen not as a mandate from government or a pontification from experts, but as an invitation to collective collaboration. If there is a second foundational idea, it is that there really is not a compromise or partial solution. The watershed behaves as a whole; its integrity and health therefore relies on holistic, comprehensive, synergistic, and integrated strategies, programs, projects, and actions. Readers are invited to determine what patch of the restoration quilt they can offer.

Full length plan (45MB)

The Plan

Part One: Preface - Acknowledgements-Table of Contents- Lists of Figures & Tables

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Watershed Characterization

        2.1 Natural Environment

        2.2 Built Environment

        2.3 Regulatory and Policy Environment

Chapter 3: Watershed Analysis

Chapter 4: Watershed Stewardship

Chapter 5: Management and Restoration Measures

Chapter 6: Implementation, Monitoring and Plan Revision

Appendices

Restoration Team

In January 2006, assessments of stream health by the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) rated Bolin Creek as "impaired" from Pathway Drive in Carrboro to Fordham Boulevard, adding this section of Bolin Creek to the NC 303(d) list. Downstream portions of Bolin Creek from Fordham Boulevard to Little Creek  continued to be on the list from previous cycles. The 303(d) list takes its name from Section 303(d) of the Federal Clean Water Act which requires states to maintain a list of waters that do not meet their intended or designated use(s).  Bolin Creek is listed as biologically impaired, meaning that conditions do not support a healthy variety of insect larvae and fish which are indicator species of water quality.

Staff from the Chapel Hill Engineering and Carrboro Planning Departments, NCDENR, and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began meeting in April 2006 to discuss water quality issues affecting the two Towns. The Bolin Creek Watershed Restoration Team (Team) was formed from these discussions to assess the condition of the Bolin Creek watershed, and to cooperatively apply for grants to restore and enhance the ecological health of Bolin Creek and its surrounding drainage areas (watershed).

The Team received a Clean Water Management Trust Fund stormwater mini-grant in November 2006 which was used to conduct a detailed geomorphic assessment of Bolin stream reaches. Consultant Earth Tech cataloged areas of erosion, instability, and other high risk locations.  EPA’s Science and Ecosystem Support Division also assisted with the geomorphic assessment. The information collected from these efforts was used to receive a 319 Grant for stream restoration, and will be used to develop future work plans and grant applications.

Final Report

Full Report (Large file: allow time for download)

Fiscal Year 2008
Section 319 Nonpoint Source Water Quality Improvement Grant of $369,792 in Federal Funding

NC-DENR Project Contract # 1666
Contract Period October 1, 2008 through September 30, 2012

Town of Chapel Hill, NC, Sponsor
Trish D’Arconte, Project Coordinator and Author
November 15, 2012

Bolin Creek Watershed Restoration Grant Final Report by sections (quick download)